Linguists use small caps to analyze the morphology and tag ( gloss) the parts of speech in a sentence e.g., In Computational complexity theory, a sub-field of Computer science, the formal names of algorithmic problem, e.g.
In zoological and botanical nomenclature, it is common use to print names of the family group in small caps. Typically, an ordinary "Lord" corresponds to the use of the word Adonai in the original Hebrew, but the small caps " Lord" corresponds to the use of Yahweh in the original in some versions the compound "Lord God" represents the Hebrew compound Adonai Yahweh. In many versions of the Old Testament of the Bible, the word " Lord" is set in small caps. Similarly, they are used for those languages in which the surname comes first, such as the Romanization Mao Zedong. An elementary example is Don Quixote de La Mancha. Įrench and some British publications use small caps to indicate the surname by which someone with a long formal name is to be designated in the rest of a written work. In printed plays and stage directions, small caps are usually used for the names of characters before their lines. The initialisms ad, ce, am, and pm are sometimes typeset in small caps. For example, the style of some publications, like The New Yorker and The Economist, is to use small caps for acronyms and initialisms longer than three letters -thus "U.S." and "W.H.O." in normal caps but " nato" in small caps. Small caps are often used in sections of text that are unremarkable and thus a run of uppercase capital letters might imply an emphasis that is not intended.
A work-around to simulate real small capitals is to use a one-level bolder version of the small caps generated by such systems, to match well with the normal weights of capitals and lowercase, especially when such small caps are extended about 5% or letter-spaced a half point or a point. However, this will make the characters look somewhat out of proportion.
#How to small caps in word shortcut professional#
How this is implemented depends on the typesetting system some can use true small caps glyphs that are included in modern professional font sets but less complex digital fonts do not have small-caps glyphs, so the typesetting system simply reduces the uppercase letters by a fraction (often 1.5 to 2 points less than the base scale). Many word processors and text-formatting systems include an option to format text in caps and small caps, which leaves uppercase letters as they are, but converts lowercase letters to small caps. When the support for the petite caps feature is absent from a desktop-publishing program, x-height small caps are often substituted. OpenType fonts can define both forms via the "small caps" and the "petite caps" features. To differentiate between these two alternatives, the x-height form is sometimes called petite caps, preserving the name "small caps" for the larger variant.
#How to small caps in word shortcut full#
For example, in some Tiro Typeworks fonts, small caps glyphs are 30% larger than x-height, and 70% the height of full capitals. In fonts with relatively low x-height, however, small caps may be somewhat larger than this. Typically, the height of a small capital glyph will be one ex, the same height as most lowercase characters in the font. Well-designed small capitals are not simply scaled-down versions of normal capitals they normally retain the same stroke weight as other letters and have a wider aspect ratio for readability.
Small caps can be used to draw attention to the opening phrase or line of a new section of text, or to provide an additional style in a dictionary entry where many parts must be typographically differentiated. For example, the text "Text in small caps" appears as Text in small caps in small caps. Small caps are used in running text as a form of emphasis that is less dominant than all uppercase text, and as a method of emphasis or distinctiveness for text alongside or instead of italics, or when boldface is inappropriate. This is technically not a case-transformation, but a substitution of glyphs, although the effect is often approximated by case-transformation and scaling. In typography, small caps (short for " small capitals") are lowercase characters typeset with glyphs that resemble uppercase letters (capitals) but reduced in height and weight, close to the surrounding lowercase letters or text figures. True small caps (top), compared with scaled small caps (bottom), generated by Writer
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